child development :: essays research papers

What major psychological challenges do children face during middle childhood? In middle childhood children face many new challenges: the challenge of knowing who you are, the challenge to achieve, the challenge of peers, the challenge of family relationships, and the challenge of school. All of these challenges are affected by influences of peers and family relationships. 2. What important changes occur in a child’s sense of self during middle childhood? A child’s sense of self begins to rapidly evolve in middle years and becomes more organized and complex. This sense of self is continuously revised with increasing age and experiences. This grows with social experiences and out of contacts with others. 3. What is achievement motivation, and what forms does it take? Achievement motivation is a tendency to show initative and attaining goals by increasing competence and meeting standards of excellence. There are two forms of achievement motivation: one focuses on competence as such and one that emphasizes the judgments people make about competence. 4. How have changes in the nature of the family, such as increases in the proportion of a single-parent and dual-wage-earner families, affected children’s psychological development? The changes in the nature of family can greatly affect a child’s psychological development. These changes such as divorce and blended families pose challenges to children. These situations usually cause stress on all members of the family even though boys and girls react differently. 5. How do peers contribute to development during middle childhood? Children are influenced by their school’s culture and peers. This influence is positive if a school’s culture and a child’s family culture are similar. This plays a role in how children experience and interact with others , how they percieve themselves, and how they develop psychosocially.

Ideal Student Essay

Quote: I realized that the only purpose to revolution is to be able to love who you want, how you want, when you want and where you want†¦ Idle student: An ideal student is someone who is thirsty for knowledge. Such a student will not be distracted in class. After all that is what every teacher desires.This thirst for knowledge will ensure that she is attentive and is committed to learn all that she can about a particular subject so that she can understand it fully. An ideal student will also have certain other distinguishing qualities. She will have well – defined goals in life and her effort will be to do whatever it takes to achieve these goals. For instance, if you ask her what she aspires to be, she will have a ready answer. And she will have a good reason for what she aspires to be. She will also have a clear vision of what is necessary to attain her goal. An ideal student will respect her teachers but will not be afraid of them. She will have the courage to admit her ignorance and ask for advice and direction if she needs it. She will not be the kind of person who accepts things blindly and learns by rote. She will try to grasp concepts and if she finds it difficult, will have the confidence to approach her teachers for more information. She will be active in many things for she understands that one should have a well – rounded personality. She will have character more than anything else for it is character that makes a person’s destiny. She will compete only with herself and if someone seeks her help in class, will show no hesitation in giving it. An ideal student will observe discipline. She will be punctual and properly dressed. She will not absent herself from class for silly reasons and will do her homework daily. She will be neat and tidy and observe decorum in class. Children are the wealth of a nation.A Nation that produces a generation of talented and hardworking youth marches ahead on the path of progress.However creating quality citizens is no easy task and cannot be achieved overnight.The first step for that is to produce ideal students in our schools. These ideal students would go on to become ideal citizens. Who is an ideal student.? There isn’t one definite answer to that because there are many qualities that together define an ideal student.The most important quality of an ideal student is that for him. the foremost duty of his school life is to study.He studies regularly and works hard to improve his  performance in each exam. But his objective of studying is not to only score good marks or secure a high rank.Beyond that he has a thirst for knowledge , an interest to learn more about everything he observes. Apart from studies, an ideal student actively gets involves in other activities. He is good in arts and sports and regularly participates in intra and inter school events.He is an active member of various clubs in the school and helps in organizing events. But participating in competitions and winning events is not the only big thing in life, and an ideal student knows that very well.Virtues like kindness, compassion,respect , sincerity, honesty, politeness are equally important in todays world, and these qualities are found in abundance in an ideal student. He treats his parents, teachers and elders with respect, and speaks politely to everybody. In times of crisis for his friends, he is the first person to stand by them. He never boasts of his achievements and never gets depressed by his failures. He is always cheerful and maintains a positive approach to life.He spreads hope and happiness wherever he goes. In short his conduct is admired by everyone. An ideal student is a voracious reader. He reads the newspaper regularly and is well aware about the events and happenings in various parts of the world. He also reads magazines, noels and short stories.he has an excellent grasp of the language and is very good at communicating things to others.Last but not the least, an ideal student loves his parents and family members very much and does as much as he can to help them and to keep them happy. He never wastes his parents’ hard-earned money and believes that knowledge is the biggest wealth he can acquire.An ideal students grows up to be an asset to his family, his society and the country.If only all our schools couls produce more and more ideal students, our country could achieve tremendous progress and become the envy of the whole world..

Television And Its Impact On Society - 1855 Words

The early nineties thus emerged as a liminal period in the trajectory of media practices. Television shows during this period were forced to navigate the methodological shift from maintaining the myth of television as a living reflection of the movement of time to the imminent advancement of the spectacle. This intermediary condition of the period gave rise to shows with equally confused psychic realities, often appearing to straddle the thin line between real and fake, and highbrow and lowbrow. However, deconstruction of the terms â€Å"real†, â€Å"fake†, â€Å"highbrow† and â€Å"lowbrow† with regard to television reveals that these categorizations are inseparably fastened to its normalized methodological conventions. Perceptions of the â€Å"realness† of a†¦show more content†¦To this effect, â€Å"highbrow† refers to the intellectual content of programming and historically disregards the inherent semiotic power of the visual channel. Something attains the categorization of â€Å"lowbrow† if it is devoid of thoughtful transmissions of language, the deeply historicized notion of television’s essential content. Thus there is an inherent and widespread critical bias against the rising practice of television’s communicative power through imagery. W.J.T. Mitchell prophetically identified this phenomenon when he posited an inherent â€Å"shock of new media (11).† Lowbrow television henceforth chief ly represents an abandonment of the conventionally sanctioned form of transmission and is a potentially fertile site for the avant-garde. Television that rose to prominence out of these conditions melded both sides of the shifting paradigm and effectively mirrored modern circumstances. The WWF (now the WWE) entered its â€Å"Golden Age† when new CEO Vince McMahon introduced its televised content on syndicated national television in the eighties, and continued to rapidly grow in popularity through television’s shifting methodology in the nineties. The Simpsons was launched in 1989 to immediate mainstream success. Despite these two programs’ immense differences in reputation and acclaim, each achieved increasing success through the early nineties

Teaching English As A Language - 959 Words

Theories abound reporting the most effective method of teaching English as a language, and the two methods that people tend to subscribe to are 1) primarily focus on the technical side of the language or 2) primarily focus on the content. Stephen Krashen believed that â€Å"subconscious acquisition† of a language â€Å"is separate from conscious learning and is superior in the long run,† as H. Douglas Brown paraphrases in Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (289). As one of his hypotheses of language acquisition, he insisted that immersion into the language is the best way to acquire a language and that focusing on the linguistic side of the language does not contribute to acquisition. Krashen also insists that language acquisition is based on comprehensible input and that production of the language is not necessary to acquisition; however, Merrill Swain theorized that comprehensible output is more important to language acquisition, as it requires learners to t ry various methods of communication, â€Å"[pushing] them ahead in their development† (Lightbown and Spada 115).Swain and Krashen’s theories intersect in the fact that both theories do not necessarily require corrective feedback, but that is the extent of the similarity. Swain’s theory of comprehensible output supports the idea of content-based instruction in that a CBI classroom requires learners to produce language that has meaning. Moreover, as Ausubel theorized, information (e.g. language) is best retained â€Å"meaningfulShow MoreRelatedTeaching English As A Language Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION â€Å"English seems to have joined this list of basic skills. Quite simply, its function and place in the curriculum is no longer that of ‘foreign language’ and this is bringing about profound changes in who is learning English, their motives for learning it and their needs as learners.† (Graddol, D, page 72) If a command of English is almost normal, the value of speaking traditional languages is increasing in particular for native speakers of English. The slogan â€Å"English is not enough†Read MoreQuestions On Teaching English Language968 Words   |  4 Pages 19 Quizzes as non-native speaker of English. Actually, I haven’t felt so happy about my English skill (Ok, my weakness is more when speaking but is not usually when writing). I did not have to afford difficulties when responding to the quizzes. The strong bases I learnt, as a ELL and a MODL teacher provided well results and the Folse chapter, give me the opportunity to go further in terms of different kinds of ELL issues. In the lottery of languages, The Spanish was given during my growth inRead MoreAdvantages Of English Language Teaching1593 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION In India, parents choose English as the medium of instruction for their children because English is the language of computers, language of business, language of science and technology and the list is endless. By grasping the mind-set of the parents and societal needs, the schools in India try to be monolingual by aspiring to fulfil the wish and objective of the parents. But the Indian societies are multilingual and hence the children who hail from diverse background fail to adapt toRead MoreTeaching English As A Foreign Language1389 Words   |  6 PagesMy major- â€Å"Teaching English as a foreign language† has always been of paramount importance for me. Although I have been practicing English for ten years, I need to be in a real English-speaking world. This would account for my success as an English teacher. Since I have specific plans to implement during the academic year, I would like to explain them in detail. Firstly, I intend to broaden my horizons. In addition, my main aim is to conduct several researches in the most important features of theRead MoreThe Teaching Of English As A Foreign Language Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesworld as the whole, as a result, English has become the primary global lingua franca (Darasawang, Reinders, Waters, 2015, p. 2) †. The teaching of English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Thailand has initially started from the mid-19th century and it still plays the predominant role in Thai education nowadays. The national English curriculum made a major paradigm shift in mandating English as a compulsory subject in schools and universities. The English teaching method was influenced by westernRead MoreTeaching The English Language Learners990 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen teaching for fourteen years, I still have problems with teaching the English Language learners (ELLs) in my class. I realize that English language learners have a difficult time with school because some of them haven’t mastered the language and culture. However, I know as an educator that it is important that I meet all students’ needs and standards for my district. The course readings and discussions have provided an abundance of strategies to help me meet the needs of English language learnersRead MoreThe Teaching English Language Skills1650 Words   |  7 PagesOnce there was a time in teaching English, when teachers had mainly followed the traditional approach of teaching in various universities, where the learner used to be dependent only on the lecture delivered by the teacher. The learners were not exposed sufficient practice on their own and the interaction among the learners in the classroom was almost absent. That time the main focus was on grammatical rules, memorization of vocabulary, translation of texts and doing writing exercises. Classes wereRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language1422 Words   |  6 Pagesin the classroom, teachers employ a variety of teaching methodologies across all learning areas. Choosing an a ppropriate teaching methodology will make the process of teaching English as a second language easier and more rewarding for the teachers and students, and increase the likelihood of success. In this research, I will analyses a video clip of an ESL/EFL teacher and class in action for reflection on and evaluating the mythology to promote language learning. The video clip chosen for analysisRead MoreEnglish Language Teaching Methods3829 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction According to Definitions.net, teaching method is defined as the principles and methods of instruction. Whereas, according to Claudine Kirsch in her book ‘Teaching Foreign Languages in the Primary School’, language teaching method is a comprehensive approach that helps teachers to decide what language skill(s) to develop, what activities and resources to choose and how to plan for progression. However, teaching method often confused with teaching approach. According to DifferencebetweenRead MoreTeaching English As An International Language754 Words   |  4 PagesThe rapid spread of English has inspired many scholars to look into the probability of shifting from traditional ENL (English as a native language) pedagogy in ELT to EIL (English as an International Language (Jenkins 2009; Kirkpatrik 2007; Sharifian, 2009, Matsuda 2012, McKay, 2012). Taken together, the goal of teaching English today from an EIL perspective is to prepare the learners to use English to become p art of the globalized world, which is linguistically and culturally various, and thus both

The Logistics Of The Organization Apple Inc - 2207 Words

1.0 INTRODUCTION Logistics can be defined as that significant element of the supply chain routine that is involved in planning, controlling and further implementing the flow of goods and storage services, and other necessary activities from the point of inception to the point of final delivery for providing the customers’ maximum satisfaction. For the success of any organization, proper logistics management is a must. In this essay, we analyze the logistics channel of the organization Apple Inc, the interfaces between logistics and the core functional areas, its current order cycle, and its inventory management position including ways to improve the present logistics cycle for the betterment of the organization. Apple Inc. is a multinational technology giant with its headquarters in California, United States of America. Its line of business includes designing, developing and selling computer software, consumer electronic items, personal computers and online services. The name Apple is synonym ous with innovation and has been a trendsetter in the field of technology development since its inception in the year 1977 by founders Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak. It is the second largest player in the world’s information technology market, coming after Samsung Electronics, in terms of revenue; the third largest in terms of mobile manufacturing and the largest in terms of total assets own. With a staggering workforce of over 72000 employees and over 400 retail outletsShow MoreRelatedThe Value Chain Analysis : Apple Inc.1398 Words   |  6 Pagescompany and competitors, reducing the cost and ensuring considerate profits. To maintain a dominant status, a lot of companies do keep their selves awake by making exact analyses. Apple Inc. also utilizes the advantages. It is not only an electronically manufactured company but also a technologically innovated company. Apple Inc. is a global designer, manufacturer and marketer of mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players. The company also sells a varietyRead MoreApple s Unique Strategy Towards Sustainable Development1041 Words   |  5 Pages4.0 Recommended Short Term Strategies In its long term goals, Apple looks towards attaining the leading position in the market as the most trusted brand by consumers. It looks towards not just profit maximization for its stakeholders but equally ensure that customer satisfaction is at the zenith with new product innovation and applying product differentiation strategy to ensure long term sustainable development of its business. The long term strategies have been further designed to ensure thatRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1446 Words   |  6 PagesSummary Apple Inc. was built up on 1st April 1976 around then the organization was known as Apple PC, Inc. Apple almost has 35,000 representatives overall and its business recording about US$42.90 billion by 26th September 2009. It arrived in a magazine named Fortune that Apple had been most refreshing organization in the United States in 2008 and worldwide in 2009. Apple fundamentally offers tablets, iPods, and mobiles and so forth here we are set to focus on their portable PCs. Apple has variousRead MoreTotal Quality Management Apple1526 Words   |  7 Pagesapproach of Apple Inc. | | Submitted by: GLEEZLE ASHLEY A. BELARDOStudent no.: 10 -11077Submitted to: Professor MedinaDate: December 14, 2012 | | TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3BODY/ RESEARCH†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 | | INTRODUCTION Apple Inc. Is an American multinational electronics and software company established by Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak on April 1, 1976, in Cupertino, California. Apple Inc. Has becomeRead MoreCase Study : Sub Competitive Strategy Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesnot do. The fundamental ideas discussed in the video have been effectively applied by Apple making the world’s leader in technology and modernization. Apple’s business strategy visibly defines the market in which it contends. Apple targets only the technology savvy and high revenue sector of the market (Apple Inc., 2016). They offer very pioneering, feature rich products which are valued at the higher end. Apple has undoubtedly defined its do’s and don’ts. The company does not manufacture mid-rangeRead MorePorters Five Forces On Apple Inc.1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe strategy of Apple Inc. within the Information Technology industry (Porter, 2002). In order to emphasize the position of Apple Inc., within the IT industry, Porter’s Five Forces affect the organization through the five distinct channels: supplier; customer; substitute product or services, peers within the industry, and new entrants (ValueWalk Staff, 2012). The table below summarizes Porterâ₠¬â„¢s Five Forces on Apple Inc. Table 1: Summarized analysis of Porter’s Five Forces on Apple. Source: ValueWalkRead MoreBenefits Of Sustaining A Competitive Advantage For Apple Inc.1297 Words   |  6 Pagescompetitive advantage cannot be acquired through operational effectiveness alone; an organization will have to become different from everyone else by performing different activities that will be hard to duplicate from the competition (Dess, et al., 2005). Sustaining a competitive advantage became hard for Apple Inc. as noticed in the Harvard Business School Premier Case. Therefore, this paper is an analysis of Apple, Inc. based on a 7-year old case written by David Yoffie and Michael Slind publishedRead MoreHow Mobile Phones Help Business1434 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribes a simpler, sequential set of links (Harland et al., 2001). All organizations have or can purchase the components to build a supply chain network, it is the collection of physical locations, transportation vehicles and supporting systems through which the products and services your firm markets are managed and ultimately delivered. As an example the apple phones production line is situated in china but simply you can buy apple products all over the world. Physical locations included in a SupplyRead MoreDetails of Outsourcing Decisions774 Words   |  3 Pagesand the type of company providing the outsourcing service. Different companies or organization uses outsourcing by transferring portions of work to outside suppliers rather than completing it internally to reduce cost. Outsourcing is very effective if used properly and gives a company short term or long-term effect. Outsourcing is currently relatively popular with both profit-seeking and not-for-profit organizations. Outsourcing can depend on many factors. Today, some of the world’s largest companiesRead MoreResource Management At Apple Inc.1146 Words   |  5 PagesResource Management Resource management is another interesting and important topic in the business of various organizations engaged in the manufacturing and sale of goods and service. Several organizations in the technology industry have managed to make investments in this industry, and thus it is important to monitor the use of various resources to avoid wastage. Resource management is currently considered as a strategy that is focused on reducing the cost of production and thus reducing the cost

Business Brief for Health Insurance- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Brief for Health Insurance. Answer: Health Care The healthcare is known to provide services to the individuals of the community who suffer from preventive, curative or rehabilitative diseases. As compared to other countries of the globe, the United States has the achievement of having the biggest healthcare industry with an annual spending of $3 trillion. It is expected that by 2018, the industry would be about 18% f the GDP of the country (Stoakes, 2015). While economic progress leads to improvement of the healthcare industry, economic turndown leads to a reduction of services and downsizing in budgets. As a result of destabilisation of the nursing labour market, there are shortages beyond the recessionary time frame. Health insurance is a part of the healthcare industry where the countrys economy makes a mark. Increased unemployment leads to reduced health coverage for individuals. The performance of the country in 2016 was not up to the mark, characterised by rolling off of drug patents and drop in revenues and earnings. The decline in the sector was 7.1% (Ameritrade, 2017). 2017 promises to be better than the previous year as the economic planning is solid. For example, the 61 shares in the category of Standard Poor's 500 healthcare industries have increased by 8.9% in 2017 (Shell, 2017). In addition, there is an increased demand for advanced healthcare services, due to increase in ageing population and strong employment. The improvement is also due to improvement in the P/E ratio at 43.71 this year (Financial Times, 2017). Researchers expect that the recent growth in the healthcare sector would continue in the next year. The rationale can be attributed to enhanced demand for services, ageing population and increasing prevalence of medical conditions such as obesity (Ameritrade, 2017). Employment creation and strong financial conditions would change dividend payments, mergers, and acquisitions. Nevertheless, fluctuations might be possible due to various factors. Paraphrased Summary The United States of America is prominent on the global scale for having the biggest healthcare industry. The countrys industry treats people with diverse forms of medical complications such as preventive and curative diseases. The annual spending is $3 trillion and 18% of the GDP of the country would come from this industry in 2018 (Stoakes, 2015). There is a direct positive relationship between economic progress and improvement if this industry, while economic downturn reduces the services. Sever shortage of nursing staff beyond the recessionary period is a result of destabilisation of the same. Health insurance is dependent on the countrys economy, and thus employment deters health coverage of many individuals (Ameritrade, 2017). The year 2016 saw a very poor performance of the health sector of the country when compared to the last few years. The pharmaceutical companies struggled to combat revenue and earning decrease due to increased scrutiny of drug prices. The present year has robust balance sheets and better cost structures that would promote the economic scenario. An example is the increase of 61 shares in the category of Standard Poor's 500 healthcare industries by 8.95 in the present year (Shell, 2017). It is to be mentioned in here that the demand for healthcare services is increasing with each passing day. This is a result fo the improvement in the P/E ratio, standing at 43.71 in the present year (Financial Times, 2017). The growth experienced recently would drag till the next year. The reasons for this assumption include demand for services, the high prevalence of obesity and ageing population. Employement would also amplify services such as the dividend payments. Drug pricing and affordable care alteration would lead to changes in stocks (Ameritrade, 2017).

South China Sea Dispute Essays - Foreign Relations,

South China Sea Dispute The Asian Conflict Without Resolution Celeste Jerez World Geography Prof. Adolfo Gonzales UAM College Abstract Many Asian countries have a territorial conflict over the South China Sea. In this paper, it will be stated which countries are among the ones with the conflict, why the conflict started and why after many years it hasn't ended. Territorial conflicts cannot be isolated only in geographical reasons, so also some cultural and historical aspects are considered to conduct the research. Also, the economic effects are taking into consideration because the most populated free trade zone in the world is in the same region as where the conflict is taking place. Keywords: Globalization, Free Trade, Asia, History, Geography. The Dispute To understand a geographical dispute, a cultural approach must be considered. Asian cultural practices are very conservative. Specially in China, people appre ciate the blessing of inherited land, and are very grateful to their ancestors. In China ancestor worship is a very common practice of Taoism, is based on the belief that previous generations of family continue to exist, and that these spirits can influence on the fortune of the living. (Nations Online) From this we can understand why China is so fed up with using the land they believe they have inherited. Geographically there are a lot of islands to the south of China, the number is difficult to calculate and only a few are inhabitable. These islands called the Spratly Islands were originally used just as a fishing territory, but later big reserves of oil and natural gas were found. The governments of the surrounding areas were quickly to act, and began claiming the territory as their own. The South China Sea dispute is a conflict in which 6 Asian countrie s are fighting for this territory . The countries that are currently on the conflict are China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei and Vietnam. The main reason behind the conflict is the claim of the territory and the establishment of an Exclusive Economic Zone , with the purpose of establishing boundaries in international waters . The conflict is mainly between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN . The claims by the disputing sides involved in the South China Sea dispute are based on historical facts of when the islands were discovered and the modern United Nations Convention of the Laws of the Sea or UNCLOS. All the countries are using both the UNCLOS and historical events to claim the terri tory before the United Nations. (BBC) China's claims are based mainly on hist orical evidence. According to the Chinese. Spratley and Paracel islands were discovered by them. Th e document that states the claim is calculated to be 1700 years old. But modern history has deprived the Chinese from all historical claims. China blames the conflict between superpowers and imperialism for the loss of the occupation of the islands, saying that events such as the cold war avert international conflicts from being resolved and add tension to the differences that Asian countries have. Vietnam has a similar situation to China, having habituated the land for many generations, the only proof they have of ever owning it is the continuous control and inheritance through many generations. Vietnam stablish a sovereignty with China over the dispute during its war with France and the United States, but in the early 70s relations deteriorated leading to the conflict. Malaysia's claims on the southern Spratley islands are merely geographically territorials, stating that the islands belong to their continental shelf. Philippines also states that the land is inside their contin ental shelf, but tries to base its argument on history as well, but in contrasts with China's and Vietnam's historical facts, the Philippines' claims are relatively modern. Indonesia also states that some islands are in their continental shelf. Brunei has claimed that according to the UNCLOS some islands belong to them, but has not officially presented any case nor evidence of why. (CFR) One important event in the timeline of the conflict was when China proposed the Set Aside Dispute and Cooperative Exploration Act, proposed by Li Peng, then Prime Minister of China in the 1990. The proposal did not sympathize with